Archives For wetlands

Ask students in Dunedin how you snorkel a dune lake in the Far North without leaving home and they will tell you, ‘LEARNZ of course!’

Students checking out a fish under the microscope.

Checking out a fish

What started as a way to link New Zealand school children with field work in Antarctica back in 1996, has now evolved into a chance for schools to take part in virtual field trips across the country via live audio link ups and an interactive website with video, a web board and ‘ask an expert’ posts.

In its fourth year, the Far North field trip focuses on wetlands, with a strong Tikanga Māori and Te Reo component.

This year the focus of the Far North field trip was World Wetlands Day, held at Lake Ngatu. Schools from as far away as Dunedin joined in via LEARNZ, while around 160 students from nine Far North schools, and homeschoolers, actively participating in activities including a guided walk; investigating what species live in the lake; and traditional uses for natural resources found around the lake.

A sample collected from the wetland.

From the wetland

Ahipara School student, Ruapounamu, gave the most common response from students when asked for their highlight of the day; “My favourite was snorkelling because it was cool to see all the fish and the species that live in the lake.”

Coordinator, Camellia Nielsen, whose team ran the snorkelling, says her goal was to help the children to appreciate their role as kaitiaki (guardians) of the wetland.

Experiencing Marine Reserves Coordinator, Camellia Nielsen being interviewed.

Coordinator, Camellia Nielsen, being interviewed

“It’s a hands-on demonstration of the value of wetlands as flood protection,” says Camellia.

When quizzed about what they had discovered, Paparore School students talked about wetlands as also being places for holding water and providing habitat for native animals.

This year is the first time that the classroom materials have also been available in Te Reo.

DOC Kaitaia’s Community Relations Ranger and key organiser, Denice Gilliespie, believes that the event showed the lake in a whole different light for the students.

“They see how important it is to look after it so it sustains us all now and forever, recreationally and culturally,” says Denice.

Showing the children how to make things from natural materials that grow around the lake.

Whaea Betsy and Whaea Jane show the children how to make things from natural materials that grow around the lake

Lake Ngatu sits within the rohe of Ngai Takoto. Part of Ngai Takoto’s whakatauki (proverb) talks about the pioke (dog shark) being small in stature but still able to swim against the strong currents around it. For Te Runanga O Ngai Takoto’s Environmental Manager, Kaio Hooper, this is an important reminder in his role and commitment to ensuring that the lake is protected and cared for, despite increasing environmental pressures on the lake’s wellbeing.

Although still ranked as outstanding, environmental monitoring indicates a decline in Lake Ngatu’s water quality, and an increase in pest species. Kaio says this is a case for concern for Ngai Takoto, as the kaitiaki of the lake.

“For our people it’s not so much about scientific reports. They rely more on what they see, and they are noticing that the water is not as clear as it once was,” says Kaio.

Whaea Betsy with the poi and waka she made.

Whaea Betsy with the poi and waka she made

Kaio says Ngai Takoto is looking at ways they can address their concerns. To start the conversation, Kaio set up an information stall where people were asked to complete a simple survey focussed on understanding people’s aspirations and concerns for the lake’s health.

“We’ve been watching the lake change over the past couple of years and it’s not good. We want to work alongside interested parties on a management plan, and the survey is a good starting point” says Kaio.

World Wetlands Day at Lake Ngatu was a two day event hosted by Ngai Takoto and DOC, with support from Bushland’s Trust, Northland Regional Council, Mountain’s to Sea Conservation Trust and Clean Stream Northland.


World Wetlands Day

World Wetlands Day is an annual event held every year on February 2 to promote the value and vulnerability of wetlands across the globe promoted by RAMSAR, an international agreement to protect wetlands.

By Wendy Sullivan, Project Coordinator

World Wetlands Day is celebrated on 2nd February and promotes wetland protection throughout the world. Wendy Sullivan, DOC Project Coordinator, tells us about the current wetlands restoration project occurring in the Canterbury high country.

O Tu Wharekai Wetlands.

O Tu Wharekai Wetlands

O Tu Wharekai Wetland Restoration Project its situated in the high country of Canterbury. The project is one of the best examples of an inter-montane (between or among mountains) wetland system remaining in New Zealand, and is nationally important for wildlife. It contains a mosaic of diverse wetland habitats nestled amongst high country tussocklands and set against the towering Southern Alps/Kā Tiritiri o te Moana. The project includes the braided upper Rangitata River, and the 12 lakes that make up the Ashburton Lakes, along with ephemeral turfs, streams, swamps and bogs.

Lake Emily in the Hakatere Conservation Park.

Lake Emily in the Hakatere Conservation Park

New Zealand has experienced significant loss of wetlands. Over the last 150 years approximately 90% of inland wetlands (swamps, marshes, fens and bogs) have been converted to other land use. Many of New Zealand’s remaining wetlands are also under threat, mostly the result of human activities including nutrient run-off, pest invasions and drainage.

O Tu Wharekai is aiming to help stop the decline of wetlands through intensive management of the wetlands, researching and trialling new methodologies and raising awareness of the plight of wetlands. It is one of the three Arawai Kākāriki sites, a national wetland restoration programme.

The project has good populations of native and sport fish. Threatened bird species include Australasian bittern, black-fronted tern, wrybill and Australasian crested grebe. There are a number of lizard species including the threatened lizard species scree skink and long-toed skink. The glacial moraines of the high country produce kettleholes which are home to a rare habitat type – ephemeral turfs. Ephemeral turfs are one of the most poorly recognised wetland types. They occur where surface depressions in the land – kettleholes – become ponded with water during wet seasons or wet years, yet are partially or wholly dry at other times. Vegetation consists mainly of herbaceous plants forming a ground-hugging and often dense carpet of intertwined plants. Species present change with changing water levels. They are home to many threatened plant species.

Genetians in kettlehole. Photo by G Iles.

Genetians growing in high country kettleholes

While the area is relatively pristine, there are always threats lurking on the doorstep. There is the potential for water abstraction and storage for irrigation and stock water, and degraded water quality due to sediment and nutrient inputs from intensified farming practice. Broom and Russell lupins threaten the braided rivers, while grey and crack willow threaten the hydrology of lakes, streams and swamps by increasing sedimentation. Swamps, bogs and ephemeral turfs can be damaged by vehicles, rabbits and hares and stock. Predators such as ferrets, stoats, weasels, feral cats, hedgehogs and possums threaten birds, lizards and invertebrates.

Community involvement is also an important element to the project. There are a number of groups, businesses and individual assisting with monitoring and management such as weed control, bird monitoring and riparian planting. Further information can be found on the DOC website.

Australasian crested grebes.

Australasian crested grebes

Every Monday Jobs at DOC takes you behind the scenes and into the jobs, the challenges, the highlights, and the personalities of the people who work at the Department of Conservation.

This week we meet wetlands scientist, Hugh Robertson

At work…

Name: Hugh Allister Robertson

Position: Scientific Officer (Wetlands) based in the Freshwater Section of Research & Development, Christchurch

Hugh visiting a peatland restoration site in the Czech Republic

What kind of things do you do in your role?

I coordinate the scientific projects within the Arawai Kākāriki wetland restoration programme, together with a team of scientific, technical and operations staff. This programme aims to protect/restore three of New Zealand’s foremost freshwater/wetland systems—Awarua/Waituna in Southland, Ō Tū Wharekai (Ashburton Lakes/upper Rangitata River) in Canterbury, and the Whangamarino wetland in Waikato.

My work includes researching to understand the resilience of wetlands to changes in water quality and examines the effectiveness of wetland restoration in terms of making conservation gains. I also provide scientific advice to support the Ramsar Convention on wetlands of international importance.

Setting up a vegetation plot at Ashburton basin

What is the best part about your job?

Since coming back to New Zealand at the end of 2008 (following an eight year stint in Australia) it is hard to go past the deep pool of skilled and committed people within DOC, who collectively make it enjoyable to tackle conservation challenges.

With colleagues at Awarua wetlands

What is the hardest part about your job?

The scale of wetland loss and degradation. We still have a way to go in reducing our footprint on these fragile ecosystems and instilling freshwater conservation principles into land management.

Venturing into wetlands in the Te Anau basin - a magical place

What led you to your role in DOC?

I’d initially blame being surrounded by freshwater lakes growing up in Rotorua, and regular family fishing holidays to the mouth of the Motu River, Manukau Harbour and Coromandel. It was all down hill from then, and one way or another led to an opportunity to study shallow lakes at Otago, and floodplain wetland ecology in the drought stricken Murray-Darling Basin in Australia.

What was the highlight of your month just gone?

A recent field trip out on Waituna Lagoon to retrieve and then re-deploy salinity loggers with the Southland Conservancy and Environment Southland. We’re looking at the vulnerability of aquatic plants to changing water quality in this dynamic coastal lagoon. It’s a unique landscape, and also a Ramsar wetland, but is under stress from changes in land use in the catchment upstream.

Investigating the Waituna Lagoon opening site

The rule of three…

Three loves

  1. Exploring new places
  2. The company of friends and my partner
  3. The full moon in clear night skies

    Mountain biking at St James

Three pet peeves

  1. Cafés that serve really hot coffee
  2. People who take a while making their point (me included)
  3. Realising there’s a hole in my waders after the point of no return

Three foods

  1. Vintage cheddar
  2. Freshly baked bread
  3. Salted peanuts

 Three favourite places in New Zealand

  1. Lake Tarawera
  2. Huia in the Waitakere Ranges
  3. The expansive, near pristine, fens and bogs of the Te Anau Basin

Favourite movie, album, book

  1. Movie: Black Cat, White Cat—you’ve got to watch this if you haven’t seen it before.
  2. Album: It varies daily, but Radiohead’s OK Computer, anything with trumpets, live performances of Muse and Fat Freddy’s Drop.
  3. Book: Most stuff by Milan Kundera

Deep and meaningful…

What piece of advice would you tell your 18 year old self?

Go with your gut… while also considering advice from wise folk (mentors).

Who or what inspires you and why?

This is a tricky question to simplify or limit to one or two people. But I am ultimately inspired by those people that have kept on going, who have struggled on through whatever the world throws at them to achieve what they have set out to do, overcoming adversity. There are countless examples, and it’s something we’ve all had to do at one time or another.

When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up?

Like the rest of my under 9′s soccer team, a professional football player. Back then, for Liverpool—today it would be Barcelona FC.

And now, if you weren’t working at DOC, what would you want to be?

Bernard Black (played by Dylan Moran) for his brutal honesty. If you’re a Black Books fan you may know the character.

If you could be any New Zealand native species for a day, what would you be and why?

Eleocharis acuta is a long-time favourite of mine. An emergent macrophyte from our marshes and swamps, it exudes soul and funk.

What piece of advice or message would you want to give to New Zealanders when it comes to conservation? 

Every little bit helps. Species loss, water quality decline, and other conservation issues are often slow to accumulate—restoring biodiversity is an incremental process too.